{
 "dataset": "cryptobanking.news bank adoption tracker",
 "url": "https://cryptobanking.news/banks/",
 "generatedAt": "2026-10-22T22:34:44.007Z",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Attribute “cryptobanking.news” with a link to https://cryptobanking.news. Quoted source text remains the property of its publishers."
 },
 "initiatives": [
  {
   "id": "jpm-coin-jpmd",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "jpmorgan",
     "name": "J.P. Morgan (Kinexys)",
     "legalName": "JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.",
     "hq": "United States",
     "website": "https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "JPM Coin (JPMD) USD deposit token on public blockchains",
   "product": "Tokenized deposits",
   "useCase": "Institutional payments and settlement",
   "assets": "USD deposit token",
   "networks": "Public blockchains (Ethereum added Oct 2026)",
   "targetMarket": "United States / global institutional",
   "customerType": "Institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "No regulator approval record reviewed; deposit token issued by a bank under existing banking licence (not verified for this entry)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2025-11-12",
    "sources": [
     "s-jpm-jpmd"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2025-11-12",
    "sources": [
     "s-jpm-jpmd"
    ],
    "note": "Available to institutional clients only per J.P. Morgan."
   },
   "announced": "2025-11-12",
   "lastChange": "2026-10-19",
   "scope": "Institutional clients; not retail.",
   "summary": "J.P. Morgan’s Kinexys made JPM Coin, a USD deposit token, available to institutional clients on a public blockchain and extended it to Ethereum in October 2026.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "JPM Coin USD deposit token for institutional clients",
     "publisher": "J.P. Morgan",
     "url": "https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/jpm-coin-usd-deposit-token-institutional-clients",
     "date": "2025-11-12",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    },
    {
     "title": "JPM Coin live on Ethereum",
     "publisher": "J.P. Morgan",
     "url": "https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/jpm-coin-live-on-ethereum",
     "date": "2026-10-19",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [
    "jpm-coin-jpmd-institutional",
    "jpm-coin-live-on-ethereum"
   ],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-11-12",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "JPMD made available to institutional clients on a public blockchain.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-jpm-jpmd"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2026-10-19",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Scope change: extended to Ethereum, its second public blockchain (status unchanged).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-jpm-eth"
     ],
     "from": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties"
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "deutsche-bank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "deutsche-bank",
     "name": "Deutsche Bank",
     "legalName": "Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft",
     "hq": "Germany",
     "website": "https://www.db.com",
     "lei": "7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Germany (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2026-10-12",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-deutsche-bank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2026-10-12",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "Deutsche Bank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to BaFin (12/10/2026) covering custody & administration, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-10-12",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-deutsche-bank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "bny-digital-asset-custody",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "bny",
     "name": "BNY",
     "legalName": "The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation",
     "hq": "United States",
     "website": "https://www.bny.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "BNY Digital Asset Custody (US; EU under MiCA)",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "Institutional custody of crypto-assets",
   "assets": "BTC, ETH (US launch); BTC, ETH, SOL, USDC (EU, per BNY)",
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "United States; European Union",
   "customerType": "Select institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "BNY states its EU entity was added to ESMA's MiCA register in July 2026; the register entry itself has not been reviewed for this row."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2022-10-11",
    "sources": [
     "s-bny-custody-2022"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2026-10-08",
    "sources": [
     "s-bny-custody-2022",
     "s-bny-custody-eu-2026"
    ],
    "note": "Select clients only, per BNY."
   },
   "announced": "2022-10-11",
   "lastChange": "2026-10-08",
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-23",
   "scope": "Select institutional clients; not retail.",
   "summary": "BNY's Digital Asset Custody platform went live in the US in October 2022 for select clients holding bitcoin and ether, and in October 2026 BNY extended it to select EU institutions under MiCA.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "BNY Mellon Launches New Digital Asset Custody Platform",
     "publisher": "BNY",
     "url": "https://www.bny.com/corporate/global/en/about-us/newsroom/press-release/bny-mellon-launches-new-digital-asset-custody-platform-130305.html",
     "date": "2022-10-11",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:54.346Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "BNY Expands Digital Asset Custody Platform in Europe",
     "publisher": "BNY",
     "url": "https://www.bny.com/corporate/global/en/about-us/newsroom/press-release/bny-expands-digital-asset-custody-platform-in-europe.html",
     "date": "2026-10-08",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:54.470Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2022-10-11",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "US platform live for select clients (bitcoin, ether).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-bny-custody-2022"
     ]
    },
    {
     "date": "2026-10-08",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "from": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Scope change: expanded to select EU institutions under MiCA (status unchanged).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-bny-custody-eu-2026"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hsbc-hk-stablecoin",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "hsbc",
     "name": "HSBC",
     "legalName": "HSBC Holdings plc / The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd",
     "hq": "United Kingdom / Hong Kong",
     "website": "https://www.hsbc.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "HSBC Hong Kong stablecoin (HSBC RedCoin)",
   "product": "Stablecoin issuance",
   "useCase": "Payments (P2P, P2M in first phase)",
   "assets": "Stablecoin (name: HSBC RedCoin)",
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Hong Kong",
   "customerType": "Retail and merchants (first phase, per HSBC)",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2026-04-10",
    "sources": [
     "s-hkma-licences"
    ],
    "note": "HKMA stablecoin issuer licence (primary record)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Announced / exploring",
    "date": "2026-09-30",
    "sources": [
     "s-hsbc-redcoin"
    ],
    "note": "Named; phased rollout announced, not launched."
   },
   "announced": "2026-09-30",
   "lastChange": "2026-09-30",
   "scope": "Hong Kong only.",
   "summary": "HSBC received one of the first two HKMA stablecoin issuer licences (Apr 2026) and named its forthcoming stablecoin HSBC RedCoin (Sep 2026).",
   "regulators": [
    "hkma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "HKMA grants first stablecoin issuer licences",
     "publisher": "Hong Kong Monetary Authority",
     "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/news-and-media/press-releases/2026/04/20260410-4/",
     "date": "2026-04-10",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": null
    },
    {
     "title": "HSBC names stablecoin HSBC RedCoin",
     "publisher": "HSBC",
     "url": "https://www.about.hsbc.com.hk/news-and-media/hsbc-names-stablecoin-hsbc-redcoin",
     "date": "2026-09-30",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [
    "hkma-stablecoin-issuer-licences",
    "hsbc-names-stablecoin-redcoin"
   ],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-04-10",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Approved / authorised",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "HKMA granted stablecoin issuer licence.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-hkma-licences"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2026-09-30",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Announced / exploring",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Product named, phased rollout announced.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-hsbc-redcoin"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "citi-token-services",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "citi",
     "name": "Citi",
     "legalName": "Citigroup Inc.",
     "hq": "United States",
     "website": "https://www.citigroup.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "Citi Token Services for Cash",
   "product": "Tokenized deposits",
   "useCase": "24/7 cross-border liquidity and payments between Citi branches",
   "assets": "Tokenized deposits (USD, EUR)",
   "networks": "Private permissioned blockchain owned by Citi",
   "targetMarket": "US, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, UK, Japan, UAE",
   "customerType": "Corporate and financial-institution clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2024-10-10",
    "sources": [
     "s-citi-2024"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2026-09-28",
    "sources": [
     "s-citi-2024",
     "s-citi-2026"
    ],
    "note": "Live in seven markets per Citi (Sep 2026)."
   },
   "announced": "2023-09-18",
   "lastChange": "2026-09-28",
   "scope": "Citi institutional clients with accounts in the seven named markets; clients do not hold tokens.",
   "summary": "Citi moved Citi Token Services for Cash from pilot to a live commercial solution in October 2024 and says it is live in seven markets after adding Japan and the UAE in September 2026.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Citi Develops New Digital Asset Capabilities for Institutional Clients",
     "publisher": "Citi",
     "url": "https://www.citigroup.com/global/news/press-release/2023/citi-develops-new-digital-asset-capabilities-for-institutional-clients",
     "date": "2023-09-18",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:50.858Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "Citi Token Services Marks New Milestone",
     "publisher": "Citi",
     "url": "https://www.citigroup.com/global/news/press-release/2024/citi-token-services-marks-new-milestone",
     "date": "2024-10-10",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:51.093Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "Citi Token Services Expands Global Footprint into Japan and UAE",
     "publisher": "Citi",
     "url": "https://www.citigroup.com/global/news/press-release/2026/citi-token-services-expands-global-footprint-japan-united-arab-emirates",
     "date": "2026-09-28",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:51.328Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2023-09-18",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Pilot / proof of concept",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Created and piloted for cash management and trade finance.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-citi-2023"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2024-10-10",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Moved from pilot to live commercial solution.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-citi-2024"
     ],
     "from": "Pilot / proof of concept"
    },
    {
     "date": "2026-09-28",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Scope change: Japan and UAE added (seven markets).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-citi-2026"
     ],
     "from": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope"
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "swift-shared-ledger",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "swift",
     "name": "Swift",
     "legalName": "S.W.I.F.T. SCRL",
     "hq": "Belgium (global)",
     "website": "https://www.swift.com",
     "lei": null
    },
    {
     "id": "hsbc",
     "name": "HSBC",
     "legalName": "HSBC Holdings plc / The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd",
     "hq": "United Kingdom / Hong Kong",
     "website": "https://www.hsbc.com",
     "lei": null
    },
    {
     "id": "standard-chartered",
     "name": "Standard Chartered",
     "legalName": "Standard Chartered PLC",
     "hq": "United Kingdom",
     "website": "https://www.sc.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "Swift shared blockchain ledger for tokenised-deposit cross-border payments",
   "product": "Tokenized deposits",
   "useCase": "Cross-border bank-to-bank payments",
   "assets": "Tokenised deposits",
   "networks": "Swift shared ledger",
   "targetMarket": "Global",
   "customerType": "Banks (17 participating)",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2026-08-20",
    "sources": [
     "s-hsbc-sc-tds"
    ],
    "note": "One live transaction between two banks; not a commercial service."
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "announced": "2026-07-08",
   "lastChange": "2026-08-20",
   "scope": "17 participating banks.",
   "summary": "Swift said its blockchain ledger was ready for initial use with 17 banks preparing tokenised-deposit cross-border payment pilots; HSBC and Standard Chartered then executed a first live transaction.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Swift’s blockchain ledger ready for use; 17 banks set to pioneer tokenised cross-border payments",
     "publisher": "Swift",
     "url": "https://www.swift.com/news-events/press-releases/swifts-blockchain-ledger-ready-use-17-banks-set-pioneer-tokenised-cross-border-payments-trusted-global-infrastructure",
     "date": "2026-07-08",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    },
    {
     "title": "HSBC and Standard Chartered execute first live tokenised deposit transaction on Swift’s blockchain",
     "publisher": "HSBC",
     "url": "https://www.about.hsbc.com.hk/news-and-media/hsbc-and-standard-chartered-execute-first-live-tokenised-deposit-transaction-on-swifts-blockchain",
     "date": "2026-08-20",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [
    "swift-blockchain-ledger-17-banks",
    "hsbc-stanchart-tokenised-deposit-swift-blockchain"
   ],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-07-08",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Developing / partnership established",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Ledger ready for initial use.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-swift-ledger"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2026-08-20",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "First live bank-to-bank tokenised deposit transaction (HSBC–Standard Chartered). A single live transaction; not commercial availability.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-hsbc-sc-tds"
     ],
     "from": "Developing / partnership established"
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "hsbc-tokenised-deposit-service",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "hsbc",
     "name": "HSBC",
     "legalName": "HSBC Holdings plc / The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd",
     "hq": "United Kingdom / Hong Kong",
     "website": "https://www.hsbc.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "HSBC Tokenised Deposit Service (TDS)",
   "product": "Tokenized deposits",
   "useCase": "Corporate treasury / payments",
   "assets": "Tokenised deposits",
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Hong Kong, Singapore, Luxembourg, UK, US, UAE",
   "customerType": "Corporate and institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2026-08-20",
    "sources": [
     "s-hsbc-sc-tds"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2026-08-20",
    "sources": [
     "s-hsbc-sc-tds"
    ],
    "note": "HSBC states TDS is live in six markets."
   },
   "announced": "2026-08-20",
   "lastChange": "2026-08-20",
   "scope": "Six markets named by HSBC.",
   "summary": "HSBC states its Tokenised Deposit Service is live in six markets: Hong Kong, Singapore, Luxembourg, the UK, the US and the UAE.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "HSBC and Standard Chartered execute first live tokenised deposit transaction on Swift’s blockchain",
     "publisher": "HSBC",
     "url": "https://www.about.hsbc.com.hk/news-and-media/hsbc-and-standard-chartered-execute-first-live-tokenised-deposit-transaction-on-swifts-blockchain",
     "date": "2026-08-20",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [
    "hsbc-stanchart-tokenised-deposit-swift-blockchain"
   ],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-08-20",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Status as stated in HSBC release (first date this tracker recorded it, not launch date).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-hsbc-sc-tds"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "piraeus-bank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "piraeus-bank",
     "name": "Piraeus Bank",
     "legalName": "PIRAEUS BANK Société Anonyme (S.A.)",
     "hq": "Greece",
     "website": "https://www.piraeusbank.gr",
     "lei": "213800OYHR1MPQ5VJL60"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Greece (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2026-08-07",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-piraeus-bank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2026-08-07",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "Piraeus Bank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to Bank of Greece (07/08/2026) covering custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: PIRAEUS BANK Société Anonyme (S.A.))",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-08-07",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-piraeus-bank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "fab-ddsc-dirham-stablecoin",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "first-abu-dhabi-bank",
     "name": "First Abu Dhabi Bank",
     "legalName": "First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC",
     "hq": "United Arab Emirates",
     "website": "https://www.bankfab.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "DDSC dirham stablecoin (with IHC, Sirius)",
   "product": "Stablecoin issuance",
   "useCase": "AED stablecoin on selected VARA-regulated exchanges",
   "assets": "AED stablecoin (DDSC)",
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "United Arab Emirates",
   "customerType": "Exchange users (selected VARA-regulated platforms)",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2026-07-04",
    "sources": [
     "s-ddsc"
    ],
    "note": "CBUAE No Objection Certificate as stated in the issuer’s press release; regulator record not reviewed (needs review)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "announced": "2026-07-04",
   "lastChange": "2026-07-04",
   "scope": "Selected VARA-regulated exchanges.",
   "summary": "The DDSC dirham stablecoin, backed by FAB with IHC and Sirius, said it received a CBUAE No Objection Certificate to partner with selected VARA-regulated exchanges.",
   "regulators": [
    "cbuae"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "DDSC receives Central Bank approval to partner with selected VARA-regulated exchange platforms",
     "publisher": "DDSC press release (distributed via Zawya)",
     "url": "https://www.zawya.com/en/press-release/companies-news/ddsc-receives-central-bank-approval-to-partner-with-selected-vara-regulated-exchange-platforms-329374",
     "date": "2026-07-04",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [
    "ddsc-cbuae-approval-vara-exchanges"
   ],
   "confidence": "needs-review",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-07-04",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Approved / authorised",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "CBUAE NOC per issuer press release.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-ddsc"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "swissquote-mica-casp",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "swissquote-bank-europe",
     "name": "Swissquote Bank Europe",
     "legalName": "Swissquote Bank Europe SA",
     "hq": "Luxembourg",
     "website": "https://www.swissquote.com/en-lu/private",
     "lei": "549300M2IHOB9P5WE714"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA CASP authorisation (custody, execution, transfer)",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "Crypto-asset custody, order execution and transfers for clients",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Luxembourg, passported to 29 EEA states per ESMA register",
   "customerType": "Clients (retail and professional not distinguished in register)",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2026-04-24",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-swissquote",
     "s-amf-swissquote"
    ],
    "note": "ESMA register date 24/04/2026; Luxembourg for Finance reports effect from 5 June 2026; AMF record dates French provision from 05/06/2026. Dates differ by source; we show the ESMA register date."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "Ongoing crypto trading offer is described only in a secondary source; not independently confirmed here."
   },
   "announced": "2026-06-30",
   "lastChange": "2026-04-24",
   "scope": "EU (MiCA).",
   "summary": "Swissquote Bank Europe SA appears in ESMA’s interim MiCA register as a CSSF-authorised crypto-asset service provider for custody, order execution and transfers.",
   "regulators": [
    "cssf",
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: Swissquote Bank Europe SA)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:07.009Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "AMF register print: Swissquote Bank Europe SA",
     "publisher": "Autorité des marchés financiers (France)",
     "url": "https://www.amf-france.org/sites/institutionnel/files/pdf/78710/en/Swissquote_Bank_Europe_SA.pdf",
     "date": "2026-08-05",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": null
    },
    {
     "title": "Swissquote Bank Europe Obtains Luxembourg CASP License Ahead of MiCA Cutoff",
     "publisher": "Luxembourg for Finance",
     "url": "https://www.luxembourgforfinance.com/en/news/swissquote-bank-europe-obtains-luxembourg-casp-license-ahead-of-mica-cutoff/",
     "date": "2026-06-30",
     "type": "secondary",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [
    "swissquote-bank-europe-casp-licence"
   ],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-04-24",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Approved / authorised",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "CSSF authorisation recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register (primary). Upgraded evidence on 2026-10-22: previously sourced only to Luxembourg for Finance.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-swissquote"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "caixabank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "caixabank",
     "name": "CaixaBank",
     "legalName": "CAIXABANK S.A.",
     "hq": "Spain",
     "website": "https://www.caixabank.com",
     "lei": "7CUNS533WID6K7DGFI87"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Spain (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2026-03-27",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-caixabank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2026-03-27",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "CaixaBank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to CNMV (27/03/2026) covering custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: CAIXABANK S.A.)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2026-03-27",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-caixabank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "dz-bank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "dz-bank",
     "name": "DZ BANK",
     "legalName": "DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank",
     "hq": "Germany",
     "website": "https://www.dzbank.com",
     "lei": "529900HNOAA1KXQJUQ27"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Germany (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-12-23",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-dz-bank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-12-23",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "DZ BANK is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to BaFin (23/12/2025) covering custody & administration, order execution, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-12-23",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-dz-bank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "bank-frick-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "bank-frick",
     "name": "Bank Frick",
     "legalName": "Bank Frick AG",
     "hq": "Liechtenstein",
     "website": "https://www.bankfrick.li",
     "lei": "529900RQOBT3ZJMDRK43"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Liechtenstein (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-12-23",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-bank-frick"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-12-23",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "Bank Frick is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to FMA Liechtenstein (23/12/2025) covering custody & administration, order execution, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: Bank Frick AG)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-12-23",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-bank-frick"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "lgt-bank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "lgt-bank",
     "name": "LGT Bank",
     "legalName": "LGT Bank AG",
     "hq": "Liechtenstein",
     "website": "https://www.lgt.com",
     "lei": "7KDSOB6Z0X4S67TMX170"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Liechtenstein (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-12-19",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-lgt-bank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-12-19",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "LGT Bank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to FMA Liechtenstein (19/12/2025) covering custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: LGT Bank AG)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-12-19",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-lgt-bank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "openbank-crypto-trading",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "openbank",
     "name": "Openbank",
     "legalName": "OPEN BANK S.A.",
     "hq": "Spain",
     "website": "https://www.openbank.es",
     "lei": "5493000LM0MZ4JPMGM90"
    }
   ],
   "name": "Openbank retail crypto trading (Germany, Spain)",
   "product": "Crypto services",
   "useCase": "Retail buy, sell and hold of crypto-assets",
   "assets": "BTC, ETH, LTC, POL, ADA",
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Germany; Spain",
   "customerType": "Retail customers",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "See the separate Openbank MiCA Art. 60 row for the regulatory record."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-09-16",
    "sources": [
     "s-openbank-de-2025"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-11-11",
    "sources": [
     "s-openbank-de-2025",
     "s-openbank-es-2025"
    ],
    "note": "Germany from 16 Sep 2025; Spain from 11 Nov 2025."
   },
   "announced": "2025-09-16",
   "lastChange": "2025-11-11",
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-23",
   "scope": "Openbank customers in Germany and Spain; five named crypto-assets.",
   "summary": "Santander's digital bank Openbank launched retail trading of five crypto-assets in Germany in September 2025 and in Spain in November 2025.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Openbank launches cryptocurrency trading service",
     "publisher": "Banco Santander",
     "url": "https://www.santander.com/en/press-room/press-releases/2025/09/openbank-launches-cryptocurrency-trading-service",
     "date": "2025-09-16",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:55.396Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "Openbank launches its cryptocurrency trading service in Spain",
     "publisher": "Openbank",
     "url": "https://www.openbank.es/en/press-releases/buy-sell-cryptocurrencies",
     "date": "2025-11-11",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:55.472Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-09-16",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Launched for all Openbank customers in Germany.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-openbank-de-2025"
     ]
    },
    {
     "date": "2025-11-11",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "from": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Scope change: launched in Spain (status unchanged).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-openbank-es-2025"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "sgforge-eurcv",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "sg-forge",
     "name": "Societe Generale-FORGE",
     "legalName": "Société Générale - Forge",
     "hq": "France",
     "website": "https://www.sgforge.com",
     "lei": "969500FX8K40ZDW4F377"
    }
   ],
   "name": "EUR CoinVertible (EURCV) euro stablecoin",
   "product": "Stablecoin issuance",
   "useCase": "Payments, on-chain settlement, collateral and cash management, crypto trading",
   "assets": "EUR e-money token",
   "networks": "Ethereum, Solana and others per white paper",
   "targetMarket": "EU (not available to US persons)",
   "customerType": "Institutional, corporate and retail via brokers/PSPs",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2024-07-01",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-emt-sgforge"
    ],
    "note": "SG-FORGE listed by ESMA as ACPR-authorised EMI issuing EMTs."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2023-04",
    "sources": [
     "s-sgf-usdcv"
    ],
    "note": "SG-FORGE: EURCV launched in April 2023."
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-09-23",
    "sources": [
     "s-sgf-usdcv",
     "s-sgf-bullish"
    ],
    "note": "Distributed via third-party platforms (e.g. Bullish Europe)."
   },
   "announced": "2023-04",
   "lastChange": "2025-09-23",
   "scope": "Not available to US persons.",
   "summary": "SG-FORGE, Societe Generale’s crypto-asset subsidiary, issues the EURCV euro e-money token; ESMA’s register lists it as an ACPR-authorised EMI issuer.",
   "regulators": [
    "acpr",
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — EMT issuers (rows: Société Générale - Forge)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/EMTWP.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:09.340Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "SG-FORGE to launch a USD denominated stablecoin on Ethereum and Solana with BNY as reserve custodian",
     "publisher": "Societe Generale-FORGE",
     "url": "https://www.sgforge.com/usd-stablecoin-bny-custodian/",
     "date": "2025-06-10",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:52.079Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "Bullish Europe becomes the first to offer SG-FORGE’s USDCV stablecoin",
     "publisher": "Societe Generale-FORGE / Bullish",
     "url": "https://www.sgforge.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-23_Press-Release-SGF-Bullish-Europe-becomes-the-first-to-offer-SGForge-USDCV-stablecoin-23092025.pdf",
     "date": "2025-09-23",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2023-04",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "EURCV launched (per SG-FORGE).",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-sgf-usdcv"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2024-07-01",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Approved / authorised",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "ESMA register authorisation/notification date for SG-FORGE as EMT issuer.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-emt-sgforge"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "sgforge-usdcv",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "sg-forge",
     "name": "Societe Generale-FORGE",
     "legalName": "Société Générale - Forge",
     "hq": "France",
     "website": "https://www.sgforge.com",
     "lei": "969500FX8K40ZDW4F377"
    }
   ],
   "name": "USD CoinVertible (USDCV) dollar stablecoin, BNY as reserve custodian",
   "product": "Stablecoin issuance",
   "useCase": "Payments, settlement, FX, collateral and cash management",
   "assets": "USD e-money token",
   "networks": "Ethereum, Solana",
   "targetMarket": "EU (not available to US persons)",
   "customerType": "Institutional, corporate and retail via brokers/PSPs",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-emt-sgforge"
    ],
    "note": "USDCV white paper listed in ESMA EMT register under SG-FORGE (ACPR EMI)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-09-23",
    "sources": [
     "s-sgf-bullish"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2025-09-23",
    "sources": [
     "s-sgf-bullish"
    ],
    "note": "First offered via Bullish Europe (Sep 2025); breadth of distribution since then not verified."
   },
   "announced": "2025-06-10",
   "lastChange": "2025-09-23",
   "scope": "Not available to US persons.",
   "summary": "SG-FORGE announced USDCV on Ethereum and Solana in June 2025 with BNY as reserve custodian; Bullish Europe became the first venue to offer it in September 2025.",
   "regulators": [
    "acpr",
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — EMT issuers (rows: Société Générale - Forge)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/EMTWP.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:09.340Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "SG-FORGE to launch a USD denominated stablecoin on Ethereum and Solana with BNY as reserve custodian",
     "publisher": "Societe Generale-FORGE",
     "url": "https://www.sgforge.com/usd-stablecoin-bny-custodian/",
     "date": "2025-06-10",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:52.079Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "Bullish Europe becomes the first to offer SG-FORGE’s USDCV stablecoin",
     "publisher": "Societe Generale-FORGE / Bullish",
     "url": "https://www.sgforge.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-23_Press-Release-SGF-Bullish-Europe-becomes-the-first-to-offer-SGForge-USDCV-stablecoin-23092025.pdf",
     "date": "2025-09-23",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-06-10",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Announced / exploring",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Launch announced; BNY reserve custodian.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-sgf-usdcv"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2025-09-23",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "First offered via Bullish Europe.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-sgf-bullish"
     ],
     "from": "Announced / exploring"
    }
   ],
   "institutionsMentioned": [
    "BNY (reserve custodian)"
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "openbank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "openbank",
     "name": "Openbank",
     "legalName": "OPEN BANK S.A.",
     "hq": "Spain",
     "website": "https://www.openbank.es",
     "lei": "5493000LM0MZ4JPMGM90"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Spain (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-07-24",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-openbank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-07-24",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "Openbank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to CNMV (24/07/2025) covering custody & administration, order execution.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: OPEN BANK S.A.)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-07-24",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-openbank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "bbva-spain-crypto-retail",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "bbva",
     "name": "BBVA",
     "legalName": "Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A.",
     "hq": "Spain",
     "website": "https://www.bbva.com",
     "lei": "K8MS7FD7N5Z2WQ51AZ71"
    }
   ],
   "name": "Bitcoin and ether trading and custody in the BBVA app (Spain)",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "Retail crypto trading and self-operated custody",
   "assets": "BTC, ETH",
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Spain",
   "customerType": "Retail customers of legal age",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-03-05",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-bbva"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-07-04",
    "sources": [
     "s-bbva-launch"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-07-04",
    "sources": [
     "s-bbva-launch"
    ],
    "note": "All adult retail customers in Spain; execution-only, no advice."
   },
   "announced": "2025-07-04",
   "lastChange": "2025-07-04",
   "scope": "Spain retail; customer-initiated, no investment advice.",
   "summary": "BBVA notified the CNMV under MiCA Article 60 and made bitcoin and ether trading and custody available to all adult retail customers in Spain in July 2025.",
   "regulators": [
    "cnmv",
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: BBVA)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:10.347Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "BBVA launches its bitcoin and ether trading and custody service for all retail customers in Spain",
     "publisher": "BBVA",
     "url": "https://www.bbva.com/en/es/innovation/bbva-launches-its-bitcoin-and-ether-trading-and-custody-service-for-all-retail-customers-in-spain/",
     "date": "2025-07-04",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:52.683Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-03-05",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Article 60 notification recorded by ESMA.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-bbva"
     ],
     "from": null
    },
    {
     "date": "2025-07-04",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Available to all adult retail customers in Spain.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-bbva-launch"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "n26-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "n26",
     "name": "N26",
     "legalName": "N26 Bank SE",
     "hq": "Germany",
     "website": "https://n26.com",
     "lei": "529900JB9XYZ8E87N345"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: reception & transmission of orders",
   "product": "Crypto services",
   "useCase": "reception & transmission of orders",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Germany (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-05-14",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-n26"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-05-14",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "N26 is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to BaFin (14/05/2025) covering reception & transmission of orders.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: N26 Bank SE)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-05-14",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-n26"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "trade-republic-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "trade-republic",
     "name": "Trade Republic Bank",
     "legalName": "Trade Republic Bank GmbH",
     "hq": "Germany",
     "website": "https://traderepublic.com",
     "lei": "5299009IFX1XTKDY4568"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Germany (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-04-28",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-trade-republic"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-04-28",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "Trade Republic Bank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to BaFin (28/04/2025) covering custody & administration, order execution, reception & transmission of orders, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: Trade Republic Bank GmbH)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-04-28",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-trade-republic"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "commerzbank-mica-art60",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "commerzbank",
     "name": "Commerzbank",
     "legalName": "Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft",
     "hq": "Germany",
     "website": "https://www.commerzbank.com",
     "lei": "851WYGNLUQLFZBSYGB56"
    }
   ],
   "name": "MiCA Article 60 notification: custody & administration, transfer services",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "custody & administration, transfer services",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "Germany (EU/EEA MiCA)",
   "customerType": "Not stated in register",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
    "date": "2025-04-07",
    "sources": [
     "s-esma-commerzbank"
    ]
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "A notification permits a credit institution to provide the services; it does not show that a product has launched."
   },
   "announced": null,
   "lastChange": "2025-04-07",
   "scope": "Services listed in the ESMA register only.",
   "summary": "Commerzbank is listed in ESMA’s interim MiCA register with an Article 60 notification to BaFin (07/04/2025) covering custody & administration, transfer services.",
   "regulators": [
    "esma"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register — CASPs (row: Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft)",
     "publisher": "European Securities and Markets Authority",
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-12/CASPS.csv",
     "date": "2026-10-22",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T21:05:13.130Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-04-07",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "to": "Notified (MiCA Art. 60)",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Notification recorded in ESMA interim MiCA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-esma-commerzbank"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "sbi-vc-trade-usdc",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "sbi-vc-trade",
     "name": "SBI VC Trade (SBI Holdings)",
     "legalName": "SBI VC Trade Co., Ltd.",
     "hq": "Japan",
     "website": "https://www.sbivc.co.jp",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "SBI VC Trade USDC handling (first Japanese EPI exchange registration)",
   "product": "Crypto services",
   "useCase": "Retail access to USD stablecoins",
   "assets": "USDC; FSA register also lists RLUSD and JPYSC",
   "targetMarket": "Japan",
   "customerType": "Retail (beta: limited users)",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2025-03-04",
    "sources": [
     "s-fsa-epi-register",
     "s-sbi-usdc-2025"
    ],
    "note": "Registered as Electronic Payment Instrument Exchange Service Provider, Kanto Local Finance Bureau No. 00001 (FSA register)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Pilot / proof of concept",
    "date": "2025-03-12",
    "sources": [
     "s-sbi-usdc-2025"
    ],
    "note": "SBI announced a beta for limited users from 12 March 2025; full-scale launch not independently confirmed here."
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "announced": "2025-03-04",
   "lastChange": "2025-03-12",
   "scope": "Japan; registration covers electronic payment instruments (stablecoins).",
   "summary": "SBI VC Trade, an SBI Holdings subsidiary, became Japan's first registered Electronic Payment Instrument Exchange Service Provider on 4 March 2025 and announced a limited-user USDC beta.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "List of Registered Electronic Payment Instrument Exchange Service Providers in Japan",
     "publisher": "Financial Services Agency (Japan)",
     "url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/en/regulated/licensed/denshikessaisyudan.pdf",
     "date": "2026-08-27",
     "type": "primary",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:58.563Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "[First in Japan] Completion of Registration as an Electronic Payment Instruments Exchange Service Provider for Handling Stablecoins",
     "publisher": "SBI VC Trade / SBI Holdings",
     "url": "https://www.sbigroup.co.jp/english/news/pdf/2025/0304_a_en.pdf",
     "date": "2025-03-04",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:59.875Z"
    }
   ],
   "regulators": [
    "FSA (Japan)"
   ],
   "confidence": "primary",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-03-04",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Approved / authorised",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau (No. 00001), per the FSA register.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-fsa-epi-register"
     ]
    },
    {
     "date": "2025-03-12",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Pilot / proof of concept",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Limited-user USDC beta announced.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-sbi-usdc-2025"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "networks": null,
   "items": [],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-23"
  },
  {
   "id": "enbd-liv-x-crypto",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "emirates-nbd",
     "name": "Emirates NBD",
     "legalName": "Emirates NBD Bank PJSC",
     "hq": "United Arab Emirates",
     "website": "https://www.emiratesnbd.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "Crypto trading on the Liv X app (with Aquanow; custody by Zodia Custody)",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "Retail crypto trading",
   "assets": null,
   "networks": null,
   "targetMarket": "United Arab Emirates",
   "customerType": "Liv X app customers",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "Partner licensing not reviewed for this entry."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-03-06",
    "sources": [
     "s-enbd-livx"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2025-03-06",
    "sources": [
     "s-enbd-q1",
     "s-enbd-livx"
    ]
   },
   "announced": "2025-03-06",
   "lastChange": "2025-03-06",
   "scope": "Liv X app customers.",
   "summary": "Emirates NBD launched crypto trading through its Liv X app with Aquanow, with custody by Zodia Custody, and reported the launch in its Q1 2025 results.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Emirates NBD Q1 2025 results announcement",
     "publisher": "Emirates NBD",
     "url": "https://www.emiratesnbd.com/en/media-center/emirates-nbds-q1-2025-results-announcement",
     "date": "2025-04",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:53.765Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "Emirates NBD enters the digital asset space offering crypto on the Liv X App",
     "publisher": "Emirates NBD press release (distributed via Zawya)",
     "url": "https://www.zawya.com/en/press-release/companies-news/emirates-nbd-enters-the-digital-asset-space-offering-crypto-on-the-liv-x-app-iigy0r7o",
     "date": "2025-03-06",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:54.224Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2025-03-06",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "to": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Launched on Liv X.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-enbd-livx"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "ubs-digital-cash",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "ubs",
     "name": "UBS",
     "legalName": "UBS Group AG",
     "hq": "Switzerland",
     "website": "https://www.ubs.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "UBS Digital Cash",
   "product": "Tokenized deposits",
   "useCase": "Cross-border multi-currency payments and intra-group liquidity",
   "assets": "USD, CHF, EUR, CNY (pilot)",
   "networks": "Private permissioned blockchain",
   "targetMarket": "Switzerland / cross-border",
   "customerType": "Corporate and institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Pilot / proof of concept",
    "date": "2024-11-07",
    "sources": [
     "s-ubs-digital-cash"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed",
    "note": "UBS “plans to expand and develop”; no launch reviewed."
   },
   "announced": "2024-11-07",
   "lastChange": "2024-11-07",
   "scope": "Pilot with multinational clients and banks.",
   "summary": "UBS piloted UBS Digital Cash, a private-blockchain payment solution, with transactions in USD, CHF, EUR and CNY.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "UBS successfully pilots blockchain-based multi-currency payment solution with UBS Digital Cash",
     "publisher": "UBS",
     "url": "https://www.ubs.com/global/en/media/display-page-ndp/en-20241107-ubs-digital-cash.html",
     "date": "2024-11-07",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": null
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2024-11-07",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Pilot / proof of concept",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Pilot completed.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-ubs-digital-cash"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "dbs-token-services",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "dbs",
     "name": "DBS",
     "legalName": "DBS Bank Ltd",
     "hq": "Singapore",
     "website": "https://www.dbs.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "DBS Token Services (Treasury Tokens, Conditional Payments, Programmable Rewards)",
   "product": "Tokenized deposits",
   "useCase": "24/7 settlement, treasury and liquidity management, programmable payments",
   "assets": "Tokenised deposits",
   "networks": "DBS EVM-compatible permissioned blockchain",
   "targetMarket": "Singapore / multi-market institutional",
   "customerType": "Institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2024-10-18",
    "sources": [
     "s-dbs-dts",
     "s-dbs-tt"
    ],
    "note": "Suite introduced; Treasury Tokens described as a pilot with Ant International."
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Pilot / proof of concept",
    "date": "2024-10-18",
    "sources": [
     "s-dbs-tt"
    ],
    "note": "Release names a pilot client; general commercial availability not stated."
   },
   "announced": "2024-10-18",
   "lastChange": "2024-10-18",
   "scope": "Institutional clients.",
   "summary": "DBS introduced DBS Token Services in October 2024; its Treasury Tokens component was in a pilot supporting intra-group transfers within Ant International.",
   "regulators": [],
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "DBS rolls out blockchain-powered banking for institutions with DBS Token Services",
     "publisher": "DBS",
     "url": "https://www.dbs.com/newsroom/DBS_rolls_out_blockchain_powered_banking_for_institutions_with_DBS_Token_Services_marks_new_milestone_in_financial_services",
     "date": "2024-10-18",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:52.193Z"
    },
    {
     "title": "DBS Token Services release — Treasury Tokens section",
     "publisher": "DBS",
     "url": "https://www.dbs.com/newsroom/DBS_rolls_out_blockchain_powered_banking_for_institutions_with_DBS_Token_Services_marks_new_milestone_in_financial_services",
     "date": "2024-10-18",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:52.193Z"
    }
   ],
   "items": [],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2024-10-18",
     "dimension": "technical",
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-22",
     "explanation": "Suite introduced; Treasury Tokens pilot with Ant International.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-22 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-dbs-dts",
      "s-dbs-tt"
     ],
     "from": null
    }
   ],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-22"
  },
  {
   "id": "sc-uae-digital-asset-custody",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "standard-chartered",
     "name": "Standard Chartered",
     "legalName": "Standard Chartered PLC",
     "hq": "United Kingdom",
     "website": "https://www.sc.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "Standard Chartered digital asset custody (DIFC, UAE)",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "Institutional custody of crypto-assets",
   "assets": "BTC, ETH (initially)",
   "targetMarket": "UAE (DIFC) / global institutional",
   "customerType": "Institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2024-09-10",
    "sources": [
     "s-sc-uae-custody"
    ],
    "note": "Per Standard Chartered, the offering was granted a DFSA licence; the DFSA register entry itself was not reviewed (needs-review)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2024-09-10",
    "sources": [
     "s-sc-uae-custody"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2024-09-10",
    "sources": [
     "s-sc-uae-custody"
    ],
    "note": "Brevan Howard Digital named as inaugural client."
   },
   "announced": "2023-05-10",
   "lastChange": "2024-09-10",
   "scope": "Institutional custody in the DIFC; initially bitcoin and ether.",
   "summary": "Standard Chartered launched a DFSA-licensed digital asset custody service in the DIFC in September 2024, initially for bitcoin and ether.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Standard Chartered launches digital asset custody service in the UAE",
     "publisher": "Standard Chartered",
     "url": "https://www.sc.com/en/press-release/standard-chartered-launches-digital-asset-custody-service-in-the-uae/",
     "date": "2024-09-10",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:56.952Z"
    }
   ],
   "confidence": "needs-review",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2024-09-10",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Custody service launched in the DIFC with an inaugural institutional client.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-sc-uae-custody"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "networks": null,
   "items": [],
   "regulators": [],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-23"
  },
  {
   "id": "inter-crypto-trading",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "banco-inter",
     "name": "Inter (Banco Inter)",
     "legalName": "Banco Inter S.A.",
     "hq": "Brazil",
     "website": "https://inter.co",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "Inter crypto trading via B3 Digitas",
   "product": "Crypto services",
   "useCase": "Retail and business buy/sell of crypto-assets",
   "assets": "BTC, ETH, USDT, LTC, XRP (at launch)",
   "targetMarket": "Brazil",
   "customerType": "Retail and corporate clients (gradual rollout)",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Unknown / not independently confirmed"
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2023-06-27",
    "sources": [
     "s-b3-inter-crypto"
    ],
    "note": "Initially for a specific client base, rolled out gradually (per B3)."
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
    "date": "2023-06-27",
    "sources": [
     "s-b3-inter-crypto"
    ]
   },
   "announced": "2023-06-27",
   "lastChange": "2023-06-27",
   "scope": "Inter Invest clients in Brazil; infrastructure by B3 Digitas.",
   "summary": "Brazil's Inter launched crypto trading for Inter Invest clients in June 2023 on B3 Digitas infrastructure, starting with a specific client base.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "B3 Digitas lança plataforma para oferta de criptomoedas do Inter",
     "publisher": "B3",
     "url": "https://www.b3.com.br/pt_br/noticias/b3-digitas-lanca-plataforma-para-oferta-de-criptomedas-do-inter.htm",
     "date": "2023-06-27",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:30:00.064Z"
    }
   ],
   "confidence": "official-institutional",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2023-06-27",
     "dimension": "commercial",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Live — restricted / specific counterparties",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "Launched for a specific client base with gradual rollout.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-b3-inter-crypto"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "networks": null,
   "items": [],
   "regulators": [],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-23"
  },
  {
   "id": "zodia-custody-uk",
   "institutions": [
    {
     "id": "standard-chartered",
     "name": "Standard Chartered",
     "legalName": "Standard Chartered PLC",
     "hq": "United Kingdom",
     "website": "https://www.sc.com",
     "lei": null
    }
   ],
   "name": "Zodia Custody (SC Ventures / Northern Trust) — UK",
   "product": "Custody & trading",
   "useCase": "Institutional custody of crypto-assets",
   "assets": "BTC, ETH (at registration)",
   "targetMarket": "UK / global institutional",
   "customerType": "Institutional clients",
   "regulatory": {
    "status": "Approved / authorised",
    "date": "2021-07-29",
    "sources": [
     "s-sc-zodia-fca"
    ],
    "note": "FCA registration under the UK Money Laundering Regulations (an AML registration, not a full authorisation), as stated by Standard Chartered; the FCA register was not reviewed (needs-review)."
   },
   "technical": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2021-07-29",
    "sources": [
     "s-sc-zodia-fca"
    ]
   },
   "commercial": {
    "status": "Live — commercial, within explicit scope",
    "date": "2021-07-29",
    "sources": [
     "s-sc-zodia-fca"
    ]
   },
   "announced": "2020-12-09",
   "lastChange": "2021-07-29",
   "scope": "Institutional custody; Standard Chartered subsidiary with Northern Trust.",
   "summary": "Zodia Custody, developed by Standard Chartered's SC Ventures with Northern Trust, received FCA cryptoasset registration in July 2021 and began commercial custody services.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Standard Chartered and Northern Trust Announce Zodia Custody Receives FCA Registration",
     "publisher": "Standard Chartered",
     "url": "https://www.sc.com/en/press-release/standard-chartered-and-northern-trust-announce-zodia-custody-receives-fca-registration/",
     "date": "2021-07-29",
     "type": "official-institutional",
     "verifiedAt": "2026-10-22T22:29:58.287Z"
    }
   ],
   "confidence": "needs-review",
   "history": [
    {
     "date": "2021-07-29",
     "dimension": "regulatory",
     "from": null,
     "to": "Approved / authorised",
     "discovered": "2026-10-23",
     "explanation": "FCA registration under the Money Laundering Regulations; commercial operations began.",
     "reviewer": "cryptobanking.news editor (AI-assisted, 2026-10-23 audit)",
     "sources": [
      "s-sc-zodia-fca"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "networks": null,
   "items": [],
   "regulators": [],
   "lastVerified": "2026-10-23"
  }
 ]
}